Chemical & Bioterrorism - Directory of Online Resources

General Resources (US Government resources follow this section)
Please note that the Anthrax section now has its own page: Anthrax

Accelerating the Research, Development, and Acquisition of Medical Countermeasures Against Biological Warfare Agents: Interim Report - (dead link)
Committee on Accelerating the Research, Development, and Acquisition of Medical Countermeasures Against Biological Warfare Agents, National Research Council, 2003.

Review of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Smallpox Vaccination Program Implementation -- Letter Report #5
Committee on Smallpox Vaccination Program Implementation, 2003.

ABCNEWS.com : Biological and Chemical Weapons - (dead link)

• A Lesson in Biology - (dead link)
  1993 Failed Biological Attacks Offer Scientists Important Lessons
  

Aerobiological Engineering
"Aerobiological Engineering is the art and science of designing buildings and systems for the control of airborne pathogens and reduction of respiratory infections in indoor environments, including commercial buildings, hospitals, and residences. Aerobiology is the study of microorganisms in the air which may be detrimental to human health. Included among these organisms are viruses, bacteria and fungi."
College of Engineering, Penn State

• Airborne Pathogen Database
• Bioterrorism and Immune Building Technology - (dead link)

American Medical Association

• JAMA
  Journal of the American Medical Association
  • Bioterrorism Articles
  • Tularemia as a Biological Weapon (June 6, 2001)
  • Botulinum Toxin as a Biological Weapon (February 28, 2001)
  • Plague as a Biological Weapon (May 3, 2000)
  • Anthrax as a Biological Weapon (May 12, 1999)
  • Smallpox as a Biological Weapon (June 9, 1999)
  
  
• Disaster Preparedness
  • AMA message to Physicians on inhalation and cutaneous anthrax - (dead link)
• Emerging Infections
• Resources on Infectious Disease

American Red Cross - Homeland Security Advisory System
"Recommendations for Individuals, Families, Neighborhoods, Schools, and Business."

• Terrorism: Preparing for the Unexpected

American Society for Microbiology - (dead link)

• Resources Related to Biological Weapons Control and Bioterrorism Preparedness - (dead link)

APSnet
Plant Pathology Online
American Phytopathological Society

• Crop Biosecurity and Countering Agricultural Bioterrorism (October 2002)
  Responses of the American Phystopathological Society
  

Bibliography on Terrorism, Bioterrorism, the Middle East, and 9-11 Related Issues
Compiled by Camille Reynolds
LLRX Feature Published November 1, 2001 ["will be updated on a regular basis"]

Brookings Institute - Center on Social and Economic Dynamics - Working Paper Series - (dead link)

• Toward a Containment Strategy for Smallpox Bioterror: An Individual-Based Computational Approach - (dead link)
  By Joshua M. Epstein, Derek A. T. Cummings, Shubha Chakravarty, Ramesh M. Singa, And Donald S. Burke.
  CSED Working Paper No. 31, December 2002
  
  

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

• Carnegie International Non-Proliferation 2002 Conference (November 2002)
  "...approximately 650 experts, journalists, scholars and officials from more than 20 different countries gathered in Washington DC for the 2002 Carnegie International Non-Proliferation Conference. Audio, video, transcripts and presentations are now available."
  Concurrent panels include: New Nuclear Powers in Asia ; Reshaping US-Russian Threat Reduction ; US Nuclear Policy ; An Uncertain Future for the Nuclear Testing Moratorium ; North Korea's Nuclear Challenge ; The Challenge of Iran ; Weapons in Space ; Nuclear Terror Threats ; Preventing the Misuse of Biotechnology ; Consequences of War with Iraq.
  
  

Discovery Channel - Spotlight - Bioterror: The Invisible Enemy - (dead link) (February 2003)
Web site to accompany TV broadcast.
Sections include: Bioterror Through Time ; Ask the Expert.

Emerging Infectious Diseases
Online journal from the Centers for Disease Control

• Number 4, JulyñAugust 1999
  Special issue on Medical and Public Health Response to Bioterrorism
  

Epidemiologic Information on Bioterrorism
"This site provides educational information on potential biological weapons, considered in an epidemiologic and public health context. It is maintained by Professor Ralph R. Frerichs of the UCLA School of Public Health and is intended for noncommercial use by students, health professionals and the general population."

• The Sverdlovsk Anthrax Outbreak of 1979

Federation of American Scientists

• Chemical & Biological Arms Control Program
  • A Compilation of Evidence and Comments on the Source of the Mailed Anthrax
    By Barbara Hatch Rosengerg, Revised December 10, 2001
    
  • Bioweapons Conference Fails - (dead link)
    "US successfully sabotages attempts to strengthen biological weapons ban." - VERTIC Press Release - December 7, 2001.
    
  • Chemical Weapons Convention and Organization
  • Biological Weapons Convention and Documents
  • BWC Protocol Negotiations
  • Agricultural Biowarfare & Bioterrorism
  • FAS Working Group Papers
  • Recent Articles of Particular Interest - (dead link)
• Congress 2002 Intelligence Debate
  • Did the U.S. Help Saddam Acquire Biological Weapons
    Statement of Sen. Byrd, September 20, 2002.
    Read from the Newsweek article from the Sept. 23, 2002 issue regarding the cordial nature of U.S. - Iraqi relations during the early 1980's, including a description of Donald Rumsfeld's visit with Saddam Hussein and how the U.S. sent germs to Iraq.
    
    

The Geneva Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or  Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare - (dead link) [.txt]
Entry Into Force: 8 February 1928

George Washington University - The National Security Archive
"...an independent non-governmental research institute and library located at The George Washington University in Washington, D.C. The Archive collects and publishes declassified documents acquired through the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA).

• Iraq and Weapons of Mass Destruction (December 2002)
  Electronic Briefing Book No. 80
  Edited by Jeffrey Richelson
  "The documents presented in this electronic briefing book include the major unclassified U.S. and British assessments of Iraqi WMD programs, the reports of the IAEA and UNSCOM covering the final period prior to the 1998 expulsions, the transcript of a key speech by President George W. Bush, a recently released statement on U.S. policy towards combating WMD, and documents from the 1980s and 1990s concerning various aspects of Iraqi WMD activities."
  
  
  
• The September 11th Sourcebooks
  National Security Archive Online Readers on Terrorism, Intelligence and the Next War
  • Volume III: BIOWAR
    The Nixon Administration's Decision to End U.S. Biological Warfare Programs
    Edited by Dr. Robert A. Wampler, October 25, 2001; Updated December 7, 2001.
    "In order to provide historical context for these events and revelations, The National Security Archive is making available a collection of documents that shed light upon the decision made by President Richard M. Nixon in 1969 to end all U.S. offensive biological (and chemical) weapons programs."
    
    
    
  
  

Henry Stimson Center - Chemical and Biological Weapons Nonproliferation Project
"In addition to the utility of international treaties as threat control and reduction mechanisms, the project's research reports have also addressed topics including weapons destruction technologies, the utility of export controls, terrorism involving chemical and biological weapons, and the status of chemical and biological weapons programs in various countries."

• Ataxia: The Chemical and Biological Terrorism Threat and the US Response - (dead link)
  "...is a comprehensive research report that examines the many facets of the unconventional terrorism issue in the United States."
  

Issues in Science & Technology Librarianship

• Biological and Chemical Terrorism Information for Healthcare Professionals (Fall 2003)
  By Rachelle Ramsey, Graduate Student, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
  

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine - Center for Civilian Biodefense Studies

JURIST - Terrorism Law and Policy
Sections include: Terrorism and Terrorists ; Counterterrorism Policy ; U.S. Anti-terrorism Laws ; World Anti-terrorism Laws ; Civil Liberties ; Bioterrorism: Legal Issues ; Commentary ; Bibliography.
Directed by Bernard J. Hibbitts, University of Pittsburgh School of Law

National Academies

• Responding First to Bioterrorism - (dead link)
  "Expert-selected Web resources for 'First Responders' [local police, firefighters and emergency medical professionals] on bioterrorism and public safety, with a search engine of more than 3,000 related Web pages."
  

National Academy Press (free online versions)

• 2006
  • Defending the U.S. Air Transportation System Against Chemical and Biological Threats
    Committee on Assessment of Security Technologies for Transportation, National Research Council, 2006.
    
  • Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents: Appropriate Use of Animal Models
    Committee on Animal Models for Testing Interventions Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents, National Research Council, 2006.
    
• 2005
  • Reopening Public Facilities After a Biological Attack: A Decision-Making Framework
    Committee on Standards and Policies for Decontaminating Public Facilities Affected by Exposure to Harmful Biological Agents: How Clean is Safe?, National Research Council, 2005.
    
• 2003
  • Accelerating the Research, Development, and Acquisition of Medical Countermeasures Against Biological Warfare Agents: Interim Report - (dead link)
    Committee on Accelerating the Research, Development, and Acquisition of Medical Countermeasures Against Biological Warfare Agents, National Research Council, 2003.
    
  • The Anthrax Letters: A Medical Detective Story
    By Leonard A. Cole, 2003.
    
  • Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism: Confronting the "Duel Use" Dilemma
    Committee on Research Standards and Practices to Prevent the Destructive Application of Biotechnology, Development, Security, and Cooperation, National Research Council, 2003.
    
  • Review of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Smallpox Vaccination Program Implementation -- Letter Report #5
    Committee on Smallpox Vaccination Program Implementation, 2003.
    
  • Review of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Smallpox Vaccination Program Implementation -- Letter Report #4
    Committee on Smallpox Vaccination Program Implementation, 2003.
    
  • Review of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Smallpox Vaccination Program Implementation -- Letter Report #3
    Committee on Smallpox Vaccination Program Implementation, 2003.
    
  • Review of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Smallpox Vaccination Program Implementation -- Letter Report #2
    Committee on Smallpox Vaccination Program Implementation, 2003.
    
  • Review of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Smallpox Vaccination Program Implementation -- Letter Report #1
    Committee on Smallpox Vaccination Program Implementation, 2003.
    
  • Science and Technology for Army Homeland Security: Report 1
    Committee on Army Science and Technology for Homeland Defense, National Research Council, 2003.
    
  • Testing and Evaluation of Standoff Chemical Agent Detectors
    Committee on Testing and Evaluation of Standoff Chemical Agent Detectors, National Research Council, 2003.
    
  • Tracking and Predicting the Atmospheric Dispersion of Hazardous Material Releases: Implications for Homeland Security
    Committee on the Atmospheric Dispersion of Hazardous Material Releases, National Research Council, 2003.
    
• 2002
  • The Anthrax Vaccine: Is It Safe? Does It Work?
    Lois M. Joellenbeck, Lee L. Zwanziger, Jane S. Durch, and Brian L. Strom, Editors, Committee to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of the Anthrax Vaccine, Medical Follow-Up Agency, 2002.
    
  • An Assessment of the CDC Anthrax Vaccine Safety and Efficacy Research Program
    Committee to Review the CDC Anthrax Vaccine Safety and Efficacy Research Program, Medical Follow-up Agency, Institute of Medicine, 2002.
    
  • Biological Threats and Terrorism: Assessing the Science and Response Capabilities
    Stacey L. Knobler, Adel A.F. Mahmoud, and Leslie A. Pray, Editors, Forum on Emerging Infections, Board on Global Health, 2002.
    
  • Preparing for Terrorism: Tools for Evaluating the Metropolitan Medical Response System Program
    Frederick J. Manning and Lewis Goldfrank, Editors, Committee on Evaluation of the Metropolitan Medical Response System Program, Board on Health Sciences Policy, 2002.
    
  • Scientific and Policy Considerations in Developing Smallpox Vaccination Options: A Workshop Report
    Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Institute of Medicine, 2002.
    
• 2001
  • Firepower in the Lab: Automation in the Fight Against Infectious Diseases and Bioterrorism
    Scott P. Layne, Tony J. Beugelsdijk, and C. Kumar N. Patel, Editors; a Joseph Henry Press book, 2001.
    
  • Occupational Health and Workplace Monitoring at Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities
    Committee on Review and Evaluation of the Army Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program, Board on Army Science and Technology, National Research Council, 2001.
    
• 1992
  • Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States
    Joshua Lederberg, Robert E. Shope, and Stanley C. Oaks, Jr., Editors; Committee on Emerging Microbial Threats to Health, Institute of Medicine, 1992.
    
• 1999
  • Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response
    Committee on R&D Needs for Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical and Biological Terrorism Incidents, Institute of Medicine, 1999.
    

Nature Magazine

• The Bugs of War - (dead link)
  Vol. 411, 232-235 (2001)
  

New England Journal of Medicine

• Small Pox and Small Pox Vaccination (January 30, 2003)
  "To help to inform the current national debate about smallpox vaccination, these articles have been published early at www.nejm.org. The full text is available here at no charge and will appear in the January 30, 2003, issue of the Journal."
  

New York Times (free registration required)

• Experts Call for Better Assessment of Threats (02 October 2001)
• The Specter of Biological Terror (26 September 2001)
• Defense May Be Inadequate for Germ or Toxic Attacks (23 September 2001)
• U.S. Germ Warfare Research Pushes Treaty Limits (04 September 2001)

NewScientist.com - Bioterrorism and Bioweapons Special Report

NOVA Online - Bioterror
"...the companion Web site to "Bioterror," scheduled for broadcast on November 13, 2001. The film follows three New York Times reporters as they delve into the murky past of bioweapons research and grapple with the current threat of anthrax and other attacks."
Sections include: History of Biowarfare ; Future Germ Defenses ; Interviews ; Global Guide to Bioweapons ; Making Vaccines ; Resources on Bioterror ; Teacher's Guide ; Transcript.

PBS Online NewsHour - The Bioterrorism Threat
A Health Spotlight Special Report

• Teachers : Anthrax lesson plan

RAND Publications

• Hitting America's Soft Underbelly
  The Potential Threat of Deliberate Biological Attacks Against the U.S. Agricultural and Food Industry
  By Peter Chalk, 2004.
  "Sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD)"
  
  
  
• The Bio-Terrorist Threat to Agricultural Livestock and Produce
  "Testimony presented before the Government Affairs Committee of the United States Senate on November 19, 2003."
  By Peter Chalk
  
  

The Royal Society [UK] - Science Policy - (dead link)

• Scientist Support for Biological Weapons Controls - (dead link) (November 2002)
  Joint Editorial on biological weapons controls
  
• Submission to FCO [UK Foreign & Commonwealth Office] Green Paper on Strengthening the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention - (dead link) (November 2002)

San Francisco Chronicle

• A Way to Prevent Bioterrorism (18 September 2001)

St. Louis University School of Public Health - Center for the Study of Bioterrorism & Emerging Infections
Sections include: Quick References ; Internet Resources ; News ; Education & Training ; Bibliography ; Research ; Case Studies ; Emergency.

• Clinical Slide Presentations on Primary Bioterrorism Agents - (dead link) [powerpoint]

Terrorism Research Center
"...is dedicated to informing the public of the phenomena of terrorism and information warfare. This site features essays and thought pieces on current issues, as well as links to other terrorism documents, research and resources. Navigate the site by clicking on the area of interest."

• Chem/Bio Terrorism

University of Minnesota Academic Health Center - Center for Infectious Disease Research And Policy (CIDRAP)
Sections include: Bioterrorism: General Bioterrorism Info ; Anthrax ; Botulism ; Plague ; Smallpox ; Tularemia ; VHF.  Food Safety: General Information ; Biosecurity ; Irradiation ; Foodborne Disease.

• Bioterrorism Watch: Events since September 11, 2001
  "The following is a chronology of bioterrorism-related events of this month, and is part of an ongoing bioterrorism chronology that begins with Sep 11, 2001."
  
• Bioterrorism Preparedness, Planning, and Response
  "New document published Nov 19 [2002] outlines federal initiatives, state and local planning, hospital preparation, and protection of building."
  

World Health Organization

• Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response (CSR) - (dead link)
  • Responding to the deliberate use of biological agents and and chemicals as weapons - (dead link)
  • WHO Report Global Surveillance of Epidemic-prone Infectious Diseases - (dead link) (2000)

US Government Information

The White House

• President Delivers Remarks on Smallpox (December 13, 2002)
• Bush Proposes Steps to Strengthen Biological Weapons Pact - (dead link) (November 01, 2001)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

• Emergency Preparedness & Response Site
  Major sections include: Bioterrorism Agents ; Chemical Agents ; Radiation Emergencies ; Recent Outbreaks & Incidents.
  • Medical Response to Nuclear and Radiological Terrorism
    Webcast of the February 10, 2004 program.
    
  • The History of Bioterrorism
    "These videos describe the Category A diseases: smallpox, anthrax, botulism, plague, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers. If these germs were used to intentionally infect people, they would cause the most illness and death. Watch these videos to learn how some of these agents have been or can be used as bioterrorist weapons."
    
  • Chemical Agents
    • Ricin
  
  
• Public Health Emergency Preparedness & Response
  • News Items
    • Congressional Hearing on the National Pharmaceutical Stockpile - (dead link) (Memo - May 1, 2001)
  • Monthly Updates - (dead link)
  • Official Statements - (dead link)
  • Gallery of Presentations
  • The Biological and Chemical Terrorism: Strategic Plan for Preparedness and Response - (dead link) [.pdf]
  • Addressing public concern about response to public health emergencies-Jeffrey P. Koplan, M.D., M.P.H. ,October 2, 2001 [.pdf]
  • Public Health Emergency Response- The CDC Role [.pdf]
  • National Pharmaceutical Stockpile - (dead link) [.pdf]
  • The Health Alert Network (HAN) [.pdf]
  • Facts about: Anthrax, Botulism, Pneumonic Plague, Smallpox - (dead link) [.pdf]
  • Notification Procedures for State and Local Public Health Officials
  • Bioterrorism Readiness Plan; A template for Healthcare Facilities - (dead link)
  • Medical Response to Nuclear and Radiological Terrorism
    Webcast of the February 10, 2004 program.
    
  • The History of Bioterrorism
    "These videos describe the Category A diseases: smallpox, anthrax, botulism, plague, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers. If these germs were used to intentionally infect people, they would cause the most illness and death. Watch these videos to learn how some of these agents have been or can be used as bioterrorist weapons."
    
  • Resources
    • Agents/Diseases
      • Bacillus anthracis (anthrax)
      • variola major (smallpox)
      • Yersinia pestis (plague)
      • Sarin (GB) - (dead link)
      • Mustard Gas (H) - (dead link)
      • Ricin
  • Legal Issues
    • 42 U.S.C. 264
      "The statute that authorizes these regulations, i.e., Section 361 of the Public Health Service Act."
      
    • Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 42 Public Health
      • PART 70--Interstate Quarantine
      • PART 71--Foreign Quarantine
• Division of Public Health Surveillance and Informatics
  • Case Definitions for Selected Infectious Diseases
• Emergency and Environmental Health Services
• Health Alert Network (HAN) - (dead link)
• National Center for Infectious Diseases
  • Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases
    • Disease Information
  • Emerging Infectious Diseases
    Online journal from the Centers for Disease Control
    • Number 4, JulyñAugust 1999
      Special issue on Medical and Public Health Response to Bioterrorism
      
    
    
• National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS) - (dead link)

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

• GAO Report- Combating Terrorism: FEMA Continues to Make Progress in Coordinating Preparedness and Response

National Agricultural Library

• Biosecurity, Bioterror & the Threat to Agriculture - (dead link)

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

• National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
  • Division of Microbiology & Infectious Diseases - (dead link)
• National Library of Medicine
  • Biological Warfare - (dead link) (English or Spanish)
    Sections include: Anthrax ; Smallpox ; Plague ; Brucellosis ; Botulism ; Tularemia ; Q Fever ; Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers ; Selected References ; Internet Resources ; Books.
    
  • MEDLINEplus: Biological and Chemical Weapons - (dead link) (English or Spanish)
    Includes: News ; Overviews ; Coping ; Prevention/Screening ; Research ; Specific Conditions ; Treatment ; Organizations ; Children.
    
  • MEDLINEplus: Smallpox
    Includes: News ; Overviews ; Clinical Trials ; Coping ; Diagnosis/Symptoms ; Pictures/Diagrams ; Research ; Specific Conditions/Aspects ; Directories ; Organizations ; Children ; Teenagers.
    
  • Office of Science Education (OSE)
    "...coordinates science education activities at the NIH and develops and sponsors science education projects in house. These programs serve elementary, secondary, and college students and teachers and the public."
    • Biodefense: A Need for Public Understanding and the Critical Role of Science Teachers
      Original printed publication in the fall 2002 issue of The Natural Section, pages 13-24.
      
    
    

U.S. Army - Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD)
[Restricted]

• Textbook of Military Medicine: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare - (dead link)

U.S. Department of Defense

• Med Command Chief Poses Bio-terrorism Questions (11/21/01)
• Defense Threat Reduction Agency
  "The Defense Threat Reduction Agency safeguards America and its friends from weapons of mass destruction (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and high explosives) by reducing the present threat and preparing for the future threat."
  • Chem-Bio Defense - (dead link)
    • Joint Service Chemical and Biological Defense Program FY00-02 Overview - (dead link)
    • Chemical and Biological Defense Program Annual Report To Congress and Performance Plan - (dead link) (July 2001) [.pdf]
    • Chem-Bio Defense Program Annual Report to Congress - (dead link) (March 2000) [.pdf]
  
  
• Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program (AVIP) - (dead link)
  The Official DoD Anthrax Information Web Site
  Sections include: The Threat ; The Disease ; The Vaccine ; Safety ; Effectiveness
  • Anthrax Library - (dead link)
  
  
  
• Navy Anthrax Vaccination Program Information
• United States Coast Guard Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program
• United States Marine Corps Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program - (dead link)
• USAF Immunizations References, Policies and Practices - (dead link)
• The U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID)

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

• CDC - see above
• National Institutes of Health - see above
• Smallpox
  Sections include: Smallpox Basics ; Information ; Clinical Trials ; CDC Smallpox Response Plan and Guidelines ; Reference Materials ; Vaccine/Vaccination Information.
  
• U.S. and U.K. Sign Agreements to Collaborate on Health Care Quality and Fighting Bioterrorism (October 10, 2001)
• Questions and Answers About Anthrax Prevention and Treatment (October 10, 2001)
• Secretary Thompson Testifies on Bioterrorism Preparedness (October 3, 2001)
• HHS Provides New Aid to Cities for Disaster Preparedness (October 3, 2001)

U.S. Department of State

• Response to Terrorism - (dead link)
• • Bolton Says Iraq, North Korea Violate Biological Weapons Pact - (dead link) (11/19/01)
  • U.S.-Russia Joint Statement on Combating Bioterrorism - (dead link) (11/13/01)
  • Fact Sheet- U.S.-Russian Cooperation Against Bioterrorism - (dead link) (11/13/01)
  • Fact Sheet: Biological Weapons Convention Parties, Signatories - (dead link) (10/17/01)
  • Bill Would Enhance U.S. Ability to React to Biochemical Attacks - (dead link) (10/05/01)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - Counter-Terrorism Section - (dead link)

• EPA's Whitman Allays Fears for U.S. Water Security - (dead link) (10/18/01)
• Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office
• Office of Emergency and Remedial Response

U.S. Food and Drug Administration

• Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research

U.S. General Accounting Office

• GAO Reports on Terrorism
  • Bioterrorism: The Centers for Disease Controls and Prevention's Role in Public Health Protection (11/15/01) [.pdf]
  • Chemical and Biological Defense: DOD Should Clarify Expectations for Medical Readiness (11/07/01) [.pdf]

*Please note that the Anthrax section now has its own page: Anthrax*